<p>Adequate vitamin B12 is essential for physical and mental health yet the NHS estimated in 2018 that one in 10 people over 75 and one in 20 people aged 65 to 74 were deficient. A deficiency may be due to pernicious anaemia (an autoimmune problem), in which case the only recourse is to inject B12 regularly, but it is much more likely to be due to medications (both metformin and omeprazole disrupt B12 metabolism), gastritis (from a poor diet, alc...