<p>Within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, merchant ship, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters without warning. However, it was not until 1944 that the U.S. Navy began to use its 150 submarines to maximum effect: installing effective onboard radars, replacing commanders who were considered unaggressive, and correcting fla...