<p>Penalty kicks play a significant role in determining the outcome of a match. Because of this?and because they don't happen in every game?fans, media, and even athletes and trainers are fascinated by them. <br>Over the past 30 years, there have been more than 130 scientific studies which identify the motivational, strategic, anticipatory, and attention- and perception-based factors that can mean a successful or failed penalty kick. <br>In this ...