<p>Centuries before the first pharaohs, when great kingdoms had not yet emerged, primitive tribes formed the first societies in the valleys of the great Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris rivers, in Anatolia and on the edges of deserts and mountains. Sedentary villages already existed millennia before agriculture and the domestication of animals, inhabited by hunter-gatherer clans who practiced a nomadic life only when climate change affected their terr...